Rita Levi-Montalcini, one of the most distinguished figures in the field of science, made groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of the human brain. Born in Turin, Italy, in 1909, her journey to becoming a Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine is a testament to her resilience, passion for knowledge, and dedication to improving the human condition.

Early Life and Education

Levi-Montalcini’s early life was marked by both personal and societal challenges. Raised in a middle-class Jewish family, she initially faced resistance from her father, who wanted her to become a teacher rather than pursue her academic ambitions. However, Rita’s determination led her to study medicine at the University of Turin, where she graduated in 1936. In an era where women were often discouraged from pursuing scientific careers, Rita’s persistence was nothing short of remarkable.

Research and Major Discoveries

In the 1940s, the political climate in Italy became increasingly hostile due to the rise of fascism. As a result of the racial laws imposed by the regime, Levi-Montalcini was forced to leave her academic post. Undeterred, she set up a makeshift laboratory in her home, continuing her research on the development of the nervous system. During this period, she made one of her most significant discoveries, the identification of nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein that plays a crucial role in the growth, maintenance, and survival of nerve cells.

Nobel Prize and Later Years

In 1986, Rita Levi-Montalcini was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing the honor with Stanley Cohen, for their discovery of NGF. Her work not only revolutionized neuroscience but also opened new avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Advocacy for Women and Human Rights

Beyond her scientific achievements, Levi-Montalcini was also a passionate advocate for human rights and women’s empowerment. She served as a senator for life in the Italian Parliament, where she worked tirelessly to promote scientific research and women’s participation in science and politics. Her life and career remain an inspiration to women around the world, demonstrating that with determination and intellect, barriers can be overcome.

Exploring Turin and Rita Levi-Montalcini’s legacy

For those interested in exploring the legacy of this extraordinary woman, the city of Turin offers a wealth of historical and cultural significance. The birthplace of Rita Levi-Montalcini, Turin is home to a number of landmarks and institutions that tell the story of her life and work. One of the best ways to explore this beautiful city is by taking the City Sightseeing Italy Hop-On Hop-Off Bus. This convenient tour allows you to visit key sites, such as the Mole Antonelliana, the Royal Palace of Turin, and the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, while also learning about the historical context that shaped figures like Levi-Montalcini.

The bus service gives you the freedom to explore at your own pace, and you can easily stop by the University of Turin, where Rita first began her academic journey, or visit local museums that highlight Italy’s rich scientific and cultural history. With the hop-on hop-off convenience, you can immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the city where Levi-Montalcini’s passion for science was born.

Rita Levi-Montalcini’s legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists, particularly women, to pursue their passions and challenge the status quo. Her life is a powerful reminder of the impact one individual can have on the world, and visiting her hometown of Turin offers a unique opportunity to reflect on her monumental contributions to science and society.

Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799) was a groundbreaking Italian mathematician, philosopher, and linguist. Born in Milan into a wealthy and intellectual family, she became one of the first women to make significant contributions to mathematics, defying the societal norms of her time.

A Brilliant Mind Ahead of Her Time

From an early age, Maria Gaetana Agnesi displayed extraordinary intellectual abilities. By the age of nine, she could fluently speak multiple languages, including Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and French. Her father, Pietro Agnesi, a wealthy silk merchant, recognized her talents and provided her with the best education available. She was often invited to engage in philosophical and mathematical discussions with prominent scholars in Milan.

Despite her privileged status, Agnesi’s true passion lay in mathematics and philosophy. Her most famous work, Instituzioni Analitiche ad Uso della Gioventù Italiana (Analytical Institutions for the Use of Italian Youth), was published in 1748. This book was a comprehensive study of algebra and calculus, making complex mathematical concepts more accessible. It was highly praised across Europe and was even used as a textbook at prestigious institutions like the University of Cambridge.

One of the most well-known concepts linked to Agnesi is the “Witch of Agnesi”, a mathematical curve described in her book. Despite its misleading name (originating from a mistranslation of the Italian word versiera) the curve remains an important topic in calculus and physics today.

A life dedicated to knowledge and charity

Although Agnesi had the opportunity to pursue an academic career, she chose a different path. Deeply religious, she devoted much of her later life to charitable work, helping the poor and sick. She withdrew from public life and eventually managed a hospice for the elderly in Milan, dedicating herself to humanitarian causes rather than mathematical studies.

Discovering Milan through Agnesi’s legacy

To truly appreciate the legacy of Maria Gaetana Agnesi, a visit to Milan is a must. The city, rich in history, art, and innovation, was the backdrop to her intellectual journey. Visitors can explore historic sites such as the University of Milan, one of the oldest universities in Italy, and the Ambrosian Library, which houses a wealth of scholarly works from her era.

For an immersive experience, the City Sightseeing Italy Hop-On Hop-Off bus tour is a perfect way to navigate Milan with ease. From the magnificent Duomo di Milano to the picturesque streets of Brera, the tour allows visitors to soak in the city’s cultural heritage while stopping at key landmarks connected to its historical figures, including Agnesi. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a lover of mathematics, or simply an explorer of great minds, Milan offers a unique journey through time.

A Lasting Influence

Maria Gaetana Agnesi remains an inspiring figure in the fields of mathematics and education. She broke barriers for women in academia and left a lasting legacy through her contributions to analytical mathematics. Her life serves as a testament to the power of knowledge and the importance of using intellect for the betterment of society.

Visiting Milan and following in the footsteps of this remarkable woman is a journey worth taking—one that connects history, learning, and discovery in the heart of Italy.

Want to explore more stories of inspiring women in Italy? Hop on a City Sightseeing Italy tour and uncover the incredible legacies of women who shaped history.