Olimpia Maidalchini, often referred to as “La Papessa” (The Popess), was one of the most powerful and controversial women of 17th-century Rome. As the sister-in-law and close advisor to Pope Innocent X, she wielded immense influence over the Vatican, navigating politics, wealth, and power in an era when women were rarely seen in positions of authority. Her story is one of ambition, intelligence, and strategic maneuvering, making her one of the most fascinating figures in Roman history.
From Humble Origins to the Heights of Power
Born in 1591 in Viterbo, Olimpia came from a modest noble family. Determined to rise above her circumstances, she married into wealth, first to Paolo Nini and later to Pamphilio Pamphilj, a member of the powerful Pamphilj family. This second marriage would change her life forever, as it connected her to Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, who would later become Pope Innocent X.
When her brother-in-law ascended to the papal throne in 1644, Olimpia quickly became one of the most influential figures in Rome. She was his closest advisor, controlling appointments, financial matters, and even influencing church policy. Her political acumen earned her both admiration and resentment, with some referring to her as the true ruler of the Papal States.
The Shadow Behind the Pope
Olimpia’s influence over Pope Innocent X was undeniable. She was involved in appointing cardinals, managing Vatican finances, and making key political decisions. Her power was so extensive that many believed she was the real force behind the papacy. However, her control over the Vatican’s wealth led to accusations of corruption and greed.
Despite the criticism, Olimpia was also a patron of the arts and played a significant role in shaping Baroque Rome. She contributed to the construction of Piazza Navona, including the magnificent Fountain of the Four Rivers, designed by Bernini. Her legacy can still be seen in the grand palaces and churches of Rome, which she helped finance and develop.
Fall from Grace and Legacy
After the death of Pope Innocent X in 1655, Olimpia’s fortunes changed dramatically. Without her protector, she was forced to withdraw from public life and eventually retired to her estate in San Martino al Cimino, where she lived until her death in 1657. Despite her fall from grace, her impact on Rome remained undeniable.
Today, Olimpia Maidalchini is remembered as one of the most formidable women in Vatican history, a woman who defied societal norms to hold power in one of the world’s most male-dominated institutions.
Explore Olimpia’s Rome with City Sightseeing Italy
To truly understand Olimpia Maidalchini’s influence, one must explore the places in Rome that bear her mark. The best way to do this is with the City Sightseeing Italy Hop-On Hop-Off Bus, which allows you to visit some of the most iconic landmarks connected to her legacy.
Start at Piazza Navona, where you can admire the stunning Fountain of the Four Rivers, a project she helped fund. Then, hop on the bus to reach St. Peter’s Basilica, where Olimpia once held immense power behind the scenes. Don’t miss Palazzo Pamphilj, now home to the Brazilian Embassy, which was once her family’s grand residence.
With the convenience of the hop-on hop-off service, you can explore Rome’s rich history at your own pace, enjoying panoramic views of the Eternal City while uncovering the fascinating story of Olimpia Maidalchini.
Olimpia Maidalchini’s story is one of power, intelligence, and resilience. Though she was often vilified by her enemies, she was a woman who managed to navigate the complexities of Vatican politics with skill and ambition. Today, as you explore the grandeur of Rome, take a moment to reflect on the legacy of the woman who once ruled from the shadows—Olimpia Maidalchini, the Popess of Rome.
